“旺壮重”栽培对双季杂交稻产量形成及生理特性的影响

Effects of the VSW Cultural Method on Yield Formation and Physiolo gical Characteristics in Double Cropping Hybrid Rice

1996～ 1999年在湖南省醴陵市白兔潭镇 ( N2 7°2 9′)进行了双季稻“旺壮重”栽培的定位试验 ( 6.67hm2 )和与传统栽培的对比试验。结果表明 :( 1)早稻 V4 0 2单产 7981.5～ 84 94 .5kg/ hm2 ,晚稻 V198为 84 81.5～ 8980 .5kg/ hm2 ,分别比传统栽培增产 11.7%和 13.3% ;( 2 )高产水稻群体成穗率高 ( 71.3%～ 76.8% ) ,群体内透光好 ,净同化率高 ,干物质生产量大 ( 4年平均 V4 0 2为 13973.1kg/ hm2 ,V198为 15560 .6kg/ hm2 ) ,前期干物质生产量大的早发群体与中后期干物质生产量的比例顺调 ,但早稻前期干物质生产年间因气温不同有差异 (分蘖期占成熟期总干重的 10 .6%～ 17.5% ) ;( 3)根系生长量和吸收表面积随地上部植株生长迅速增加 ,齐穗期早稻接近最大值 ,晚稻仍缓慢增加 ,但在“旺壮重”栽培条件下 ,抽穗后仍具有较强的根系活力与吸收能力 ,吸收约占全生育期吸收总量 5%的 P素和约 10 %的 N素。

The fixed demonstration field trial (6.67 hm 2) by “vigorous root, strong culm and weighty panicle” cultural method (VSW) and the comparative experiment between VSW and traditional cultural method (CK) were conducted in Liling city (N27°29′), Hunan province, from 1996 to 1999. The results showed as follows: (1) The yield of VSW was as high as 7981.5 ~8494.5 kg/hm 2 for early cropping rice V402, and 8481.5~8980.5 kg/hm 2 for late cropping rice V198, and increased by 11.7% and 13.3% compared with CK respectively; (2) The characteristics of high yield rice were high earbearing percentage(71.3%～76.8%), better transimision condition, higher assimilation rate and more dry matter production。 The early developed population produced more dry weight (DW) resulted in the suitable accumulation of dry matter in middle and late growth periods, but there was a difference among different years in early rice (the ratio of DW at maximum tillering stage to that at ripening stage was 10.6% ～ 17.5% ); (3) Root growth rate and its absorbing surface area increased rapidly as the growth of above ground plants, and reached to the maximum value at heading stage for early rice, and increased slowly after heading stage for late rice. Under the VSW conditions, roots showed still stronger activitity and absorbing ability, absorbed about 5% P and 10% N after heading.