新疆地壳演化与成矿

CRUST EVOLUTION AND MINERALIZATION OF XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION

新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地 ,北邻蒙古阿尔泰 ,南接青藏高原 ,西邻哈萨克斯坦 ,东接华北阿拉善。它包括西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦 -准噶尔、塔里木、青藏等板块 ,其间为额尔齐斯-布尔根、木札尔特 -红柳河、康西瓦 -昆中等缝合带所焊接 ,形成古老变质陆块与年青造山带条块镶嵌的构造格局 ,造成目前新疆三山两盆的总体地貌特征及丰富的矿产资源。正是由于各古老陆块及分隔其间的大洋盆地长期发展、演化、消亡、聚合碰撞的结果 ,新疆是研究大陆和造山带及其成矿特征的极好地区 ,也是研究中国大陆的聚合及古亚洲洋、特提斯洋消亡而形成欧亚大陆的桥梁。

Xinjiang is located in the central part of the Asian continent, sandwiched in between the Mongolia and Altai Mountains to the north and the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau to the south respectively. Tectonically, the main units are the Siberian Plate, the Kazakstan Junggar Plate, the Tarim Plate and the Tibet Plate. These plates have been amalgamated together along the Gerqisi Buergen, Mushaerte Hongliuhe and Kangxiwa geosuture zones, and consequently formed eye catching tectonic framework. Geomorphically, Xinjiang is featured by two basins situated among three chains of mountains. As a bridge to better understand the convergence of Eurasian Continent, the disappearance of ancient Asian Ocean and Tethyan Ocean, Xinjiang must be an ideal area for study on origin and evolution of continent, orogenic belts and orogeny related mineralization. Based on main features of crust evolution of Xinjiang, the authors divided the geohistory there into three stages (namely, the stages of creation of continental basement, developings of Paleo Asian Ocean and Tehtyan Ocean) and subdivided ten episodes, and discussed characteristics of mineralization in each stage and episode.