北上台风生成和路径的卫星云图特征研究

Satellite cloud maps' study on formation and track of typhoon moving northward

对在太平洋上北上转向登陆日本的台风的生成和移动，利用卫星云图分析和云顶黑体温度计算作 了研究。得出结论认为：如果有一条或几条长达５００～１０００ｋｍ以上的长云带卷入，且云顶黑体温度降低 到－７０℃以下，而-６０℃的范围扩大到３ｘ４个纬距以上，则热带低压很可能在２４ｈ以内发展成为热带 风暴－台风。本文还确认，海表面温度Ｔｓｓ≥２９℃是台风生成最重要的环境条件。通过对北上台风移动 的卫星云图特征的研究，指出台风外围卷入的长云带走向往往预示着台风的未来移向。尤其是台风南部 来自ＳＷ－Ｓ－ＳＥ方向的季风汇合带云带，不仅意味着台风强度的加强和维持，更预示着台风将往北 移动。

In this paper, satellite cloud map analysis and cloud top black body temperature (TBB) calculation are used to study the formation and movement of NW Pacific typhoon which moves northward and lands on Japan. Some conclusions are given as follows : If one or several long cloud bands of over 500 - 1000km length involve into the depression, and TBB decreases under -70℃ ℃ with the domain of - 60 ℃ isoline extending to more than 3 x 4 degree latitudes, the tropical depression would, very possibly, develop into tropical storm-typhoon within 24 hours. It is also recognised that, the sea surface temperatue tss≥29℃ is the most important environmental condition for typhoon formation. The satellite cloud maps' characteristics of typhoon moving northward is also studied in this paper. It is showed that, the orientation of the outer long cloud band involved usually indicates the future moving direction of typhoon. Especially, the long cloud bands of the monsoon confluent zone coming from SW-S-SE direction not only means that typhoon would intensify or maintain its intensity, but also predicts that typhoon would move northward.