黑龙江省大豆重迎茬问题的研究概况

A Survey of Continuous and Every Other Cropping of Soybean in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省大豆年平均种植面积 2 33～ 30 0万hm2 。重迎茬面积占大豆播种面积的 50 %左右 ,重迎茬大豆植株生长矮小 ,病虫害加重 ,大豆的生物产量和子食产量明显下降 ,虫食率、病粒率增加 ,直接影响大豆的产量和质量。重迎茬大豆减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果。减缓重迎茬产量损失的农艺措施是 :选用耐重迎茬品种 ,配以适当的耕作、施肥、病虫害防治和密植等综合技术 ,更重要的是要建立一个适应大豆生产发展的合理轮作体系。

The average area of soybean grown in Heilongjiang Province annually is 2.3～3.0 million hectares, among which, 50% is continuous or every other cropping. In continuous and every other cropping soybean, the plant is low and small, diseases and pets are heavy, biomass and seed yield are decreased, worm eaten seed rate and infected seed rate are increased, yield and quality of soybean are affected directly. Yield decrease of continuous and every other cropping soybean is the result of comprehensive action of many factors. The measures to decrease the yield loss of continuous and every other cropping soybean are using varieties olerant to continuous and every other cropping accompanied by integrated techniques such as suitable cultivation, fertilizer application,diseases and pets control, thick planting and so on and, more important, establishing a proper rotatoion system suitable to soybean production.