论私法责任制度上的“理性人”

On the“rational man”in the private law system

:“理性人”被普遍地用作认定过错或检验违约方对违约损害是否有预见的标准 ,但法学界对该标准的讨论极少。“理性人”的界定应当是法律所拟制的、具有同一类型人的技能和处事能力 ,能够独立承担民事责任的人。法律之所以确立这一标准 ,不仅为克服主观标准存在的缺陷 ,也是为实现法的平等。

Rational man”is universally used as the criterion for the judgment of errors and to ascertain whether or not the delinquent part has the prediction to the damage because of breaking contract.But it is rarely discussed in the law field.“Rational man”should be the person who can bear the civil liability independently.This criterion is not only good for overcoming shortcomings caused by the subjective standards,but also good for realizing equality before the law and the value of justice.It also embodies the essential needs of legal liability.