失重因素对航天员体温调节影响的分析

Analysis of the Effect of Weightlessness on Astronaut's Thermoregulation

系统地总结了实际载人航天及地面模拟中失重因素引起的航天员生理性体温调节功能变化的种种现象和内在联系。指出在失重环境下 ,自然对流消失 ,血液重新分布 ,排尿性失水增加 ,血浆容积变小 ,心血管系统功能下降 ,最大氧摄入量降低 ,这些都可导致体温调节能力受损 ,最终使航天员的高温耐力明显下降。文章同时指出 ,在体温调节系统中 ,行为性调节是生理性调节的补充和延伸 ,前者只有通过后者才能发挥作用 ,因此 ,在航天器座舱温控系统及航天服通风 -液冷系统的设计中 ,应充分考虑失重因素的影响。

The phenomena of changes of astronaut's thermoregulatory functions and inter relations between them caused by the effect of weightlessness in both spaceflight and simulated space environment on the earth are systematically analyzed and summarized.It is pointed out that in weightlessness environment the spontaneous convection disappears ,the body fluid shifts toward head and torso,the body water loses by urinating,the function of cardiovascular system weakens and the maximal oxygen intake reduces.All above will disable thermoregulatory function and finally disturb the heat tolerance of astronauts significantly.Furthermore,within the thermoregulatory mechanism,behavioral regulation acts as a supplement and extension related to the physiological regulation.The former can,however,play a role only on the latter.Thus,in design of the cabin thermal control system and space suit ventilation-liquid-cooling system,the effect of weightlessness should be considered.