镉、铜对植物细胞的毒性及元素吸收特性的影响

EFFECTS OF Cd AND Cu ON THE INCREMENT AND ASSIMILATION OF PLANT CELLS

关于镉、铜对植物毒性研究多以植物个体或群体为对象,研究它们对植物生长、生理生化活动及遗传特性的影响。少数研究涉及到植物细胞水平,如镉损坏农作物细胞核的结构、延缓有丝分裂的正常进行、诱导染色体异常。 我们以高等植物细胞为试验材料、采用细胞培养法,研究了镉、铜对细胞增长的影响,以及在镉、铜污染条件下,细胞对元素的吸收、累积特性,以便为揭示镉、铜的植物毒性机理及耐性细胞株的选育提供理论依据。

The cell culture technique was applied to study the effects of Cd and Cu on the increment and element assimilation of plant cells. The results indicated that the rates of cell increment reduced to half for tobacco, carrot, beet and lettuce when the concentrations of Cd and Cu were in the ranges of 95-210μmol/L and 90-300μmol/L. The enrichment coefficients of Cd and Cu by plant cells increased with the increase of the leve.s of the metals in certain concentration ranges and reduced significantly when the concentrations of Cd and Cu reached 59-340μmol/L and 11-265μmol/L, respectively. Cd enhanced the absorption of Ca and Fe, but reduced that of K and Zn, while Cu increased the absorption of Ca, P and F,but decreased that of K. The tolerance to the metals differed significantly among various species of plants.