我国湖泊富营养化发展趋势探讨

Study on the Trend of Lake Eutrophication in China

本文根据“七五”国家科技攻关课题“全国主要湖泊水库富营养化调查研究”的调查资料,在对全国24个湖泊水库的调查数据进行分析处理,并在主成份分析法评价的基础上,对本世纪末的营养物入湖量、营养物及叶绿素a浓度做了宏观预测,预测结果表明:24个湖泊可分为三种类型,代表了湖泊演化过程中的三个不同阶段:大部分城市湖泊达到了重富营养化,有些正在由响应型湖泊向非响应型过渡;湖泊的功能将消失,逐渐到达消亡阶段,应引起注视。 湖泊富营养化的控制对策,应按照我国国情而倾向于经济实用、因地制宜。具体技术方法中的前置库生化削减法和水生生物法值得推广应用。

On the basis of the survey of eutrophication of main lakes and reservoirs in China, we analyze the monitoring data of 24 lakes with the evaluation based .on the principle component analysis, to give the macroscopic prediction of the nutrient amount drained into lakes, the concentration of nutrient and chlorophyll-a by the end of this century. The prediction result shows that these 24 lakes can be divided into three types which represent three steps of the lake evolution. We also point out that most urban lakes are in serious eutrophication situation, some of them are changing their type from responding into non-reacted, and some of them are losing their functions gradually until entirely lost. So we should pay great attention on them.According to our country's real situation, the strategy to control lake eutrophication should be directed to be economical and practical and also suitable to local situation, such as the methods of the pre-reservoir biochemical degradation and the aquatic organism, worthy to be popularied.