瓜类蔬菜昆虫群落(包括蛛形纲和软体动物)的研究Ι.群落的组成及结构

STUDIES ON INSECT COMMUNITIES (INCLUDING ARACHNOIDEA AND MOLLUSCA) OF GOURD VEGETABLES I. ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNITIES

本文是重庆市郊瓜类蔬菜昆虫群落研究结果的第一部分 ,主要报道瓜类昆虫群落 (包括蛛形纲和软体动物门中的一些有害生物及天敌 ,下同 )的组成和结构 .初步查明对瓜类蔬菜有直接或间接危害的动物有 5 3种 ,分属于 3纲 ,14目中的 32个科 ;天敌 38种 ,涉及 2纲 ,9目中的 2 1个科 .另外还有传粉昆虫和杂食性昆虫各 1种 ,分属于 2个科 .在初步弄清群落内物种间营养关系的基础上 ,用营养物种的概念探讨了不同营养物种数、不同类型链节数、链节总数与物种数之间的关系 ,表明瓜类昆虫群落属于发育不成熟、结构较为简单的群落 .本文还同时应用基于食物网映射矩阵的匹配系数和基于物种及其多度的群落系数对 5种瓜类昆虫群落相似性进行了比较 .

This paper is the first part of the insect communities studies in the gourd vegetables carried out in the suburbs of Chongqing City China. It mainly dealt with the organization and structure of insect communities (including some pests and natural enemies belonging to Arachnoidea and Mollusca). Total 53 pests species belonging to 3 classes, 14 orders and 32 families, as well as 38 species of natural enemies belonging to 2 classes, 9 orders and 21 families were identified respectively. In addition, 1 species of pollination insect and 1 species of saprophagous insect were also identified. On the basis of the nutritious relationship among species within the communities, the relationship between the numbers of different trophic species, the numbers of different chain types, total chain numbers and the species numbers were discussed by using the concept of the trophic species. The results indicated that the insect communities in gourd vegetables was an immature and simple community. The similarity between communities of 5 gourd vegetables were compared based on the matching coefficient of the adjacency matrices of communities food webs and the community coefficient of the species abundance.