车辆吸能部件的薄壁结构碰撞研究

Crash Research on Thin-shelled Structure as Vehicle Energy-absorbing Components

保证车体的塑性大变形破坏限制在非载人区 ,实现车体结构合理的变形顺序和符合要求的大变形模式是决定车体吸能能力和控制减速度的关键。由于结构的变形模式决定了其大变形的力学特性及吸收冲击动能的能力 ,为了得到具有良好力学特性的吸能结构 ,需要对各种结构的塑性大变形模式进行研究。本文用数值计算方法研究了几种典型薄壁结构在撞击时的变形模式和力学特性 ,通过薄壁结构的计算分析 ,最后以设置“伪”塑性铰的方法设计了正弦形状薄板并进行了撞击分析。

In order to have the large plastic deformation area restricted to non passenger region, the proper deformation sequence of car body structure and the large deformation modes are the key to the determination of the energy absorbing capability of car body and the control the deceleration of the capability. Since the deformation modes decide the mechanic characteristics the ability to absorb impacting kinetic energy,and obtain energy absorbing structure with good mechanic characteristics, it is necessary to study the plastic deformation modes of different structures. In this paper numeric simulation method is adopted to study several kinds of structures. Through crash analysis on thin shell structures and setting pseudo plastic hinges the thin shell structure with the shape of sine wave is proposed. Crash simulation shows that the structure is of good mechanic characteristics of large deformation.