通用货车提速采用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦研究

Study on High Friction Composition Brake Shoe Used on Speed-increase Freight Cars

目前全国通用货车数量约有 5 4万辆以上 ,这些车辆一直使用铸铁闸瓦 ,已远远不能适应货车提速、重载的发展。在通用货车上改造制动系统推广高摩擦系数合成闸瓦 ,必须以最少的改造费 ,才能使高摩擦系数合成闸瓦得以顺利推广。该课题组经过长期大量研究 ,采用变比阀技术 (即在制动缸管中加入一套变更空气压力的比例阀 ) ,成功地解决了这一难题 ,并将这一技术和KZW 4G空重车自动调整装置结合在一起。由于高摩擦系数合成闸瓦的特性 ,可以使货车运行速度提高到 90km·h-1～ 10 0km·h-1时 ,制动距离为 80 0m或 110 0m ;重车制动缸压力为 2 6 0kPa或 36 0kPa时 ,空车制动缸压力仍是相同的 115kPa ,从而降低车辆日常维护费用及劳动强度。如果在通用货车上全部使用高摩擦系数合成闸瓦 ,仅仅闸瓦消耗一项 ,可节约费用约 3亿元人民币 ,而利用这些费用则可实现通用货车制动系统的改造 。

There are over 540 thousand of freight cars is the Chinese railway at present.Cast iron shoes have been used on these cars for a long time,which fail to adapt fail to the development of heavy haul train and raising speed.Modification of freight car brake system at the lowest cost will surely lead to the exterded use of the composition brake shoes.Application of a varying ratio valve has solved successfully the difficult problem.This technology has been combined with the KZW 4G E/L regulation device.Owing to the characteristics of high friction composition brake shoe the speed of freight car can be increased future to 90 km·h -1 —100 km·h -1 ,the stopping distance is 800 m or 1 100 m,and the loaded car cylinder pressure is 260 kPa or 360 kPa.So the car maintenance cost and the labor intensity can be reduced.If the high friction composition brake shoes of are used on all freight cars, 3 hundred million can be saved in consumption of brake shoe only.With the money saved these we can upgrade the general purpose freight car bralce system.