技术站列车出发策略的经济性分析

Economical Efficiency Analysis on the Train Departure Strategy in Technical Station

本文建立了编组站定点、定编两种出发列车模式的经济模型 ,分析了在定点模式编成辆数减少的情况下 ,定点和定编的适应性。从中我们得到了以下结论 :1 低负荷区是定点模式的有利区。技术站的驼峰负荷较大(大于 0 8)是不利于定点模式的。反之 ,驼峰负荷较少 ,对定点出发的适应性较强。我国长期采用定编出发模式 ,这与技术站能力一直十分紧张有很大关系。 2 小车流量的到站方向适合采用定点模式。从分析可以得到 :如果某到站的车流量较少 ,根据车站的实际情况 ,可以考虑开定点出发列车。反之 ,对于大车流方向 ,更适宜于定编列车。3 短距离到站方向模式的适应性更强。这告诉我们 :如果始发站与终到站之间的距离较短 (表现为列车运行时间少 )的话 ,就应当根据车流量和负荷情况考虑开定点列车。当然 ,由于模型在某些方面的简化 ,计算出的数据并不是绝对的。本文建立的模型 ,仅考虑了铁路内部成本。事实上 ,在定点模式下 ,加速了货车周转 ,缩短了货物送达时间 ,准时性得到了改善 ,提高了运输服务的竞争力 。

The paper establishes two kinds of economical efficiency analysis models with fixed point and fixed consist about train departure mode.By analyzing the adaptability of fixed point and fixed consist under conditions of the decreased number of cars in fixed point,we can get the following conclusions:1.The lower burden area is the davantage part of fixed point mode.The heavier hump burden(>0 8)of technical station goes against fixed point mode.Whereas,the lower hump burden is more strict with the adaptability of fixed point departure.In China,fixed consist departure mode is adopted over a long period of time;it has considerably important relationship with the lack of technical station ability.2.The fixed point mode is fit for the direction of small flow of arrived vehicles.In the case of small flow of arrived vehicles,we can consider to run the fixed point departure train on the basis of station practical situation.On the contrary,for large car flow direction,the fixed consist train is better.3.Fixed point mode has even better adaptability for short distance arrival direction.That tells us:if the distance between departure station and destination is a little shorter(shown by the less running time),according to flow and burden,run the fixed point train can be considered.Of course,the calculated data is not absolute because the model is simplified in some aspects.In the model,only internal cost of railway is considered.In fact,under the fixed point mode,it can acquire more practical efficiency to quicken freight car turn round,to shorten freight delivery time,to better punctuality and promote competition ability of transportation service.