我国古代建筑中的牌坊

Memorial archway of China ancient buildings

在我国的古代建筑中 ,遗存至今的明清牌坊较为常见。牌坊脱胎于坊门 ,坊门起源于望柱。牌坊又和棂星门、华表有着“血缘关系” ,可用“表兄弟”来比拟。牌坊可分为过街牌坊、纪念牌坊和旌表牌坊三大类。过街牌坊以木构为最常见 ,也称牌楼 ,多施以油漆彩绘 ;而纪念性牌坊和旌表牌坊多以砖石结构为常见。此外 ,在一些大型园林中 ,也常用牌坊作为造景手段 ,以烘托某种建筑意境。凡旌表牌坊 ,均与封建礼制有关 ,故须由朝廷。

In China ancient buildings, Mingqing memorial archways of remaining to this day are rather common. A memorial archway were born out of arched door, an arched door originated from full column. The 'relationship by blood' between memorial archway and latticework star door, ornamental columns erected in front of palaces can be compared with 'cousin'. Memorial archways are divided into three types——memorial archway across the street, memorial archway and honorable archway. The most common memorial archways across the street are wood structure, are also called archway, most are given paint and colour decoration; And most of common memorial archways and honorable archways are brick?stone structure. Moreover, in some large gardens, memorial archways are often taken as scene?making means in order to set off an architectural artistic conception by contrast. All honorable archways are relating to feudal system, so only they were approved by royal government and feudal official, could they be constructed.