超声振动钻孔半波长振动系统的设计

Design of a half-wave vibration system for ultrasonic drilling

为了避免碳纤维复合材料传统钻孔出入口易劈裂、内部易分层、掉渣、刀具易磨损 ,同时满足像卫星主体等碳纤维复合材料大型构件多孔位、多角度钻孔的要求 ,研制了一种便携式超声旋转钻 .基于一维振动理论 ,设计了体积小 (长 1 30mm)、重量轻 ( 1 .6kg)、转动惯量小的半波长振动系统 .由于在加工中依据不同的要求经常更换不同直径、不同长度、不同材质的工具将引起振动系统的谐振频率飘移 ,针对设计的半波长振动系统 ,基于阻抗匹配原则 ,给出了振动系统与工具之间进行阻抗匹配的方法 ,建立了更换工具的简易计算式 ;保证了更换工具后 ,振动系统处于最佳的工作状态 .

In order to prevent exit and entry of carbon-fiber composites from splitting, internal material of carbon-fiber composites from delamination and brittle fracture, and cutters from wearing rapidly during drilling, a portable revolving ultrasonic drilling machine was designed. It can be used to drilling giant components made of carbon-fiber composites at different angles and in different directions. Based on one-dimensional vibration theory, a half-wave vibration system which has advantages such as compact size (130 mm long), light weight (1.6 kg) and small moment of inertia was presented. Using cutters with different diameter, length and material for different machining requirement would lead to the shift of resonance frequency of the vibration system, so a method of impedance matching between cutter and vibration system was given according to the impedance matching law. As a result, the vibration system has good resonance after cutters are changed.