论西北天然草地保护对策与技术

Discussion on the countermeasures and techniques of grassland protection in Northwest China

中国西北地区的广阔草原约为 1 .2亿 hm2 ,占我国北方天然草地总面积的50 % ,是我国畜牧业的主要基地之一。由于过分地注重牲畜头数的增加 ,草原退化日趋严重。保护西北的天然草地 ,实现其合理利用 ,基本对策为 :1 .稳定牲畜头数 ,提高牲畜群体质量 ,以质定数 ;2 .施行季节畜牧业 ,实现草畜平衡 ,逐步建立牧区繁殖—农区肥育的新体系 ;3.进一步加强草地建设的投资 ;4.封育改良相结合 ,实行大范围的轮封轮牧制度 ;5.解决实现上述对策的关键问题与技术。

The grassland or pasture is about 120 million hm2 in Northwest China. This vast area is also one of the major animal husbandry producing bases in China. Since the increase in animal number was overstressed, the consequences have been the serious grassland deterioration. So the following aspects should be taken into account in grassland protection to develop livestock production. 1.It is important to stabilize livestock number and to raise the qualities of animal population or heads with qualities for quantities so as to improve economic returns of grassland agriculture. 2.Seasonal livestock production can be extended to achieve the balance between grasses and animals so that the system of animal reproduction in the livestock area and animal fattening in agricultural area should be set up gradually. 3.It is important to increase investment into grassland construction. 4.It is important to carry out enclosed rotational grazing in a large scale and scientific improvement of grassland. 5.The key techniques should be introduced in order to protect grassland.