冬小麦水旱品种间杂交主要性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Major Characters of Winter Wheat Hybrids Between Irrigated field Varieties and Dry field Varieties

利用水地和旱地两种生态型的品种 ,采用 4× 4不完全双列杂交试验 ,对水旱品种间杂交主要性状的配合力和遗传表现进行了研究。结果表明 ,水地亲本的一般配合力效应对杂种后代主要性状的影响 ,除千粒重外 ,均达到显著或极显著水平 ;旱地亲本的一般配合力效应主要对株高、穗下节长、单株穗数、收获指数等与抗旱性有关的性状影响明显 ,且除株高和收获指数外 ,其余性状P1的方差均大于P2 的方差。说明水地亲本对杂种后代产量性状影响大 ,旱地亲本主要影响抗旱性状 ,水旱两种生态型杂交 ,实现了抗旱与丰产的有机结合。株高、穗下节长、穗粒数、单株产量、单株生物产量和收获指数以加性效应为主 ,而显性基因对单株穗数、千粒重、单穗重的影响较大。旱地小麦产量性状遗传力均较低 ,而株高、穗下节长。

The 4×4 incomplete diallel crossing was produced between 4 irrigated field winter wheat varieties and 4 dry field winter wheat varieties.Both combining abilities and genetic abilities of major characters of wheat hybrids from two ecological varieties were studied.The results showed that the general combining abilities of irrigated field parents had significant effects at 5% and 1% level on major characters of wheat hybrids (except 1000 grain weight).The general combining abilities of dry field parents had significant effects on the characters related to drought resistance,such as plant height,stem length under spike,spikes per plant,harvest index etc.Except plant height and harvest index,the variance of parent 1 was larger than that of parent 2.This indicated irrigated field parents had larger effects on yield characters,and dry field parents had significant effects on the characters related to drought resistance.Plant weight,stem length under spike,grains per spike,yield per plant and harvest index showed additive inheritance,while dominance gene had much effects on spikes per plant,1000 grain weight and weight per spike.The heritabilities of yield characters of dry land wheat varieties were lower,the heritability of the characters related to drought resistance,such as stem length under spike,harvest index were higher.