量子力学若干基本问题研究的新进展

NEW PROGRESS OF FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS IN QUANTUM MECHANICS

首先回顾了量子力学诠释的各种研究的思想起源 .以量子测量问题为核心 ,通过介绍和分析最近 5年完成的相关实验 (如用腔QED展示的量子退相干过程实验和超冷原子which -way实验等 ) ,系统地评述了量子力学若干基本问题研究 (包括宏观物体相干性 ,量子测量的冯·诺伊曼链问题 )的新进展 ,并阐明了其作用与意义 .指出了量子力学基本问题的探讨已经走出纯哲学思辨的范畴 ,开始了大规模的实验检验 ,而且其研究结果对信息科学有重要的潜在应用 .通过基本观念的正确阐释 ,对量子测量理解方面的某些误解 (如超光速现象 )给予一定程度的澄清 .最后 ,通过介绍霍夫特 (G .′tHooft)最近在量子力学方面的工作 ,展望了量子力学今后的可能发展 .

This review recalls the conceptual origins of various interpretations of quantum mechanics. With the focus on quantum measurement problems, new developments of foundamental quantum theory are described in association with recent experiments such as the decoherence process in cavity quantum electrodynamics “which way” detection using the Bragg scattering of cold atoms, and quantum interference using the small quantum system of molecular C 60 . The fundamental problems include the quantum coherence of a macroscopic object, the von Neumann chain in quantum measurement, the Schrdinger cat paradox, et al. Many landmath experiments have been accomplished with possible important applications in quantum information. The most recent research on the new quantum theory by G.′t Hooft is reviewed, as well as future prospects of quantum mechanics.