青海祁连地区不同生境类型蝶类多样性研究

The butterfly diversity of different habitat types in Qilian, Qinghai Province

于 1997～ 1999年对青海祁连地区不同生境类型中蝴蝶多样性进行了研究。研究中依据海拔高度、气候、土壤和植被的不同将该地区的蝴蝶生境划分为 5种类型 :山缘农田、山地草原、森林草原、高寒灌丛草甸、裸岩。共收集蝴蝶 436 7只 ,隶属于 6科 35属 5 3种。计算了 5种生境类型中蝶类物种丰富度、相似性系数、多样性指数。其中 ,蝶类物种丰富度由小到大的顺序为 :裸岩 (6种 ) <山地草原 (13种 ) <森林草原 (14种 ) <高寒灌丛草甸 (2 2种 )<山缘农田 (2 3种 ) ;多样性指数依次增加的顺序为 :裸岩 (H′ =1.46 2 9)、森林草原 (H′ =2 .2 398)、山地草原 (H′ =2 .2 6 76 )、山缘农田 (H′ =2 .70 71)、高寒灌丛草甸 (H′ =2 .7734 ) ;森林草原和山缘农田的相似性系数最高 (0 .370 4) ,其次为山地草原和高寒灌丛草甸 (0 .2 5 0 0 ) 。

The faunal composition of butterflies in different habitat types in the Qilian area of Qinghai Province, northwest China, was surveyed from 1997 to 1999. Five habitat types were classified based on altitude, climate, soil and vegetation differences: hilly cultivated land, mountain steppe, forest steppe, alpine shrub meadow and bare rock. Of the total collection of 4,367 specimens, 53 species of 35 genera in six families were identified. Species richness, species composition similarity (Jaccard index) and species diversity index (Shannon-Wiener index, H′) were calculated for the five habitat types. The species richness increased in the following sequence: bare rock (6 spp.), mountain steppe (13 spp.), forest steppe (14 spp.), alpine shrub meadow (22 spp.) and hilly cultivated land (23 spp.). In contrast, the species diversity increased in a different sequence: bare rock (H′=1.4629), forest steppe (H′=2.2398), mountain steppe (H′=2.2676), hilly cultivated land (H′=2.7071) and alpine shrub meadow (H′=2.7734). The butterfly species composition between forest steppe and hilly cultivated land had the highest similarity (Jaccard index = 0.3704), with the second highest similarity between mountain steppe and alpine shrub meadow (Jaccard index = 0.2500), and the lowest similarity between bare rock and other habitat types.