外来杂草在我国的危害性及其管理对策

Harmfulness of exotic weeds in China and for their management

外来杂草已对我国的农作物生产、果园、草坪、环境和生物多样性等造成了严重危害。外来杂草之所以能在传入地产生危害 ,与它们所具有的某些特性和当地缺乏环境阻力密切相关。对外来杂草的管理应从防止外来杂草传入和对现有的外来杂草实施防除两方面采取措施。防止传入的措施包括 :(1)加强植物检疫 ;(2 )建立外来植物引种驯化的风险性评价制度 ;(3)鼓励利用本土植物。对现有外来杂草的防除 ,则应采取综合性的防除措施 :(1)防治生态破坏 ;(2 )开展外来杂草的生物控制 ;(3)利用经济植物进行生境替代控制 ;(4)开展对外来杂草的利用。

Exotic weeds have caused serious harm to crop production, orchards, lawns, natural environment and biodiversity in China. This is closely related to certain characteristics of the exotic weeds and to lack of environmental resistance. To manage exotic weeds, measures should be taken in two aspects: one is prevention of introduction of exotic weeds, and the other is control of existing ones. In the former aspect, measures that should be taken include: 1) reinforcing plant quarantine; 2) establishing a risk assessment system for introduction of exotic plants, and 3) encouraging the utilization of native plants. In the latter aspect, the following comprehensive measures should be taken: 1) controlling ecological destruction; 2) conducting biological control of exotic weeds; 3) using economic plants as habitat displacement control agents, and 4) conducting utilization of exotic weeds.