辽河三角洲滨海湿地景观规划各预案对指示物种生态承载力的影响

The effects of different land-use scenarios on habitat carrying of indicator species in the Liaohe River Delta wetlands

在对辽河三角洲滨海湿地进行景观规划“预案”设计以及相应的生境分析基础上 ,运用景观生态决策与评价支持系统 ( LEDESS-model)对指示物种丹顶鹤和黑嘴鸥繁殖生境的生态承载力进行了空间模拟和定量分析 ,结果表明 :在大规模农业开发的背景下 ,预案 A通过湿地调整及生境补偿措施 ,不仅可以维持湿地生境面积“无净损失”( No-net-loss) ,而且可以相当程度地提高指示物种繁殖生境的生态承载力 ;预案 B通过一系列减轻生境破碎化影响的生境管理措施 ,也显著地提高了丹顶鹤繁殖生境的生态承载力 ,但对黑嘴鸥繁殖生境的生态承载力的改善不如前者显著 ;预案 C的模拟结果说明采取“滚动”开发模式 ,可以有效减轻区域农业开发对物种生境的负面影响 ,在本研究限定的开发规模下 ( 80 0 0 hm2 ) ,对指示物种丹顶鹤。

To quantify the ecological consequences of the landuse scenarios of Liaohe Delta Wetland, LEDESS model (Landscape Ecological Decision and Evaluation Support System) was employed to model effects of the scenarios on breeding carrying capacity (BCC) of indicator species (i e Red crowned Crane and Saunder's Gull) The result indicates that, wetland mitigation (scenario A) can both greatly improve the breeding carrying capacity of Red crowned Crane and Saunder's Gull except maintaining “no net loss” of the natural wetland even under the pressure of large scale regional agriculture development Habitat management applied to reduce the effects of habitat fragmentation, i e scenario B can remarkably enhance the BCC of Red crowned crane also, but the optimizing effects on BCC of Saunder's Gull are much inferior to the scenario A The modeling results of scenario C illustrated that the “scrolling” development mode can efficiently mitigate the negative impact of regional agriculture development on habitat suitability of indicator species, thus the BCC of both indicator species can keep relatively stable compared with the current situation Besides, the results showed that when home range of Red crowned crane increased from 100hm 2 to 600hm 2, and breeding size of saunder's Gull varied from 100m 2/individual to 1600m 2/individual, the BCC firstly declines sharply then becomes constringent and remains stable, this characterizes the habitat structure which contains several large core habitats combined with much more marginal ones with small size, and especially highlights the importance of the core habitat to the indicator species with large home range or breeding size