苹果园主要害虫生态调控体系的研究

Study on ecological regulation system of the pest control in apple orchard

通过在果园地面种植牧草或花生、油菜等覆盖作物 ,改善了生态环境 ,为天敌种群提供了良好的栖息条件和充足猎物 ,促进天敌群落的早期发展 ,在 4～ 6月份使树上天敌总量增加 60 % ,地面捕食性天敌增加 2 0倍以上 ,不仅使果树蚜、螨高蜂期推迟 ,并使高峰值分别降低 39%和 1倍以上 ,使前中期害虫得到很好控制。良好的果园生态环境也可促使周围农田生态系中的天敌因季节性变动向果园迁移 ,并通过不同生态系之间的运动 ,扩大天敌种群 ,达到控制中后期害虫的效果。对优势天敌在果园生态系中的作用亦做了研究和评价 ,认为在天敌 -害虫相互作用系统中 ,天敌群落的综合功能是最重要的 ,针对不同害虫 ,小花蝽、草蛉、六点蓟马、赤眼蜂等也具有各自的重要作用。通过天敌的人工操纵和补充释放技术以及选择性药剂的筛选运用 ,在地面覆草 ,增强天敌功能的基础上 ,建立起果园主要害虫的生态调控体系 ,每年可使苹果园比通常减少用农药 4 0 %～ 50 % 。

The community of natural enemy could promptly developed in earlier spring with the improvement of physical conditions,with the supplement of good habitat and sufficient preys in apple orchard ecological system by planting herbage or interplanting short crops such as peanut and rape on the ground under apple trees.It was proved that the population of natural enemy on the apple tree increased by 60% and 20 times of pradacious spides on the ground from April to June so that the time of high peak of mites and aphis population were not only postponed for more than one week but also their amount declined respectively by 39% and more than one times,so the pests were controled in earlier and middle stage. Good ecological environment in orchard promoted the seasonal migration of natural enemys from surrounding crop fields and enlarged their population through the mutual movement in different ecological systems, which did a favour for pests control in middle and later stage in apple orchard. Study and evaluate for the action of the dominant natural enemys in orchard were conducted and it was believed that integrated function of natural enemy community was the most important in natural enemy\|pest inteaction system and Orius santeri,Chrysopa sinica,Scolothrips takabashii,Trichogramma spp. and spiders could also play an important role in different pests control . The techniques for man\|made operation and supplementary release of natural enemy as well as application of high specialized insecticides were conducted so that the ecological regulating system for pest control was set up on the foundation of cover plants and natural enemy's promoting efficience.