四倍体大燕麦与六倍体裸燕麦的受精作用和胚胎发育

Fertilization and Embryo Development in Hybridization between Avena magna and Avena nuda

用石蜡切片法 ,对四倍体大燕麦 (AvenamagnaL .)和六倍体裸燕麦 (AvenanudaL .)杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育进行了观察。结果表明 ,六倍体裸燕麦花粉在四倍体大燕麦柱头上萌发良好 ,花粉管可顺利长入花柱和胚囊。观察的 1 68个四倍体大燕麦子房中 ,2 38%发生了双受精 ,产生了胚和胚乳 ;1 79%发生了单卵受精 ,只产生胚乳而无胚 ;总受精率为 5 36% ;成胚率为 4 1 7%。由于胚乳的缺乏或发育异常及败育 ,最终难以获得有生活力的种子。为四倍体大燕麦和六倍体裸燕麦杂交提供了细胞胚胎学证据。

Observations were made on the fertilization and early embryo development in intergeneric cross between Avena magna and Avena nuda . The pollen germination of Avena nada appeared to be normal on the stigma of Avena magna and the pollen tubes grew into the style and entered the embryo sacs. In 168 florets fixed after pollination, 2.38% had double fertilization and produced embryo and endosperm, but the endosperm development was slower than that of the embryo, 1.79% had only embryo and 1.19% had only endosperm. The frequency of fertilization and embryo formation were 5.36% and 4.17% respectively. Due to the lack of endosperm or its abnormal development and abortion, no viable seeds were poduced. Cytoembryological evidence was provided for crosses between Avena magna and Avena nuda .