广东山区兰科植物区系的研究

The orchid flora study on Guangdong mountains

初步统计 ,广东山区共有兰科植物 71属 2 0 8种。其中以热带分布属 4 7属 ( 66.2 % )为主 ,占绝对优势 ,其次为热带—亚热带属 1 3属 ( 1 8.3% )。主要属为虾脊兰属、羊耳蒜属、玉凤花属、石斛属、兰属、石豆兰属 ,其中 2属为世界分布属 ,2属为热带分布属 ,2属为热带—亚热带分布属。广东山区兰科植物区系的地理成分较为复杂、多样 ,以热带亚洲成分 (占 39.4 % )为主导成分 ,其次为热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布成分 ( 1 6.9% )。广东山区没有特有属 ,但特有种丰富 ,产中国特有种 39种 (占 1 8.8% ) ,其中广东特有种 6种 (占 2 .9% )。广东山区具有兰科植物从最原始到最进化各类型的代表。区系成份比较表明 ,本区与云南、广西和中南半岛兰科植物区系有较密切的联系。结果表明本区兰科植物区系的古老原始性 ;具有从热带向亚热带过渡的特点 ;与热带亚洲兰科植物区系具有密切的关系 ;可能是中国兰科植物演化中心的一部分。

The orchid flora of Guangdong mountains comprises 208 species in 71 genera. There are 47 tropical genera and 13 tropic-subtropics genera,accounting for 63 5% and 18 3%. The main genera are Calanthe,Liparis, Habenaria,Dendrobium, Cymbidium and Bulbophyllum. Among them,there are 2 cosmopolitan genera,2 tropic genera and 2 tropic-subtropics genera. Geographical elements of this orchid flora are complex and varied. They may be divided into 13 types and subtypes. In which,the tropical Asia genus is significantly the most,accounting for 39 4%,the tropical Asia and tropical Australia genus ranges the second,accounting for 16 4%. There are 39 China endemic species,accounting for 18 8%,and 6 Guangdong endemic species,accouting for 2 9% in this orchid flora. There are all types of orchids from primitive type to higher type in this flora. Compared with other neighbouring floras,this orchid flora is related closely with those of Yunnan,Guangxi and Indo-China peninsula. All results show that this orchid flora is related to Tropical Asia and may be a part of evolutional center of China orchids.