城市犯罪预防与“防卫空间”理念

Crime Prevention in Cities and the Theory of“Environmental Prevention”

在现代城市犯罪预防对策中 ,“防卫空间”思想及实践是其一项重要内容。“防卫空间”思想又称为环境预防理论 ,是指通过改变和保护环境 ,消除便于犯罪的条件 ,预防犯罪发生的一种理论。该理论提出 ,有必要通过环境设计 ,制造一种“防卫空间” ,即在城市规划、建筑设计、旧城改造、社区氛围的营造等各个环节造成不利于犯罪、诱发犯罪行为的机会 ,预防犯罪的发生。引入“防卫空间”理念治理和预防城市犯罪 ,应从硬件和软件两个方面进行设计和考虑。城市犯罪预防的硬件建设是在城市规划、设计和建设的过程中将犯罪预防作为一项重要的功能和指标 ,贯穿始终 ,让城市建筑、居民住宅具有抑制和预防犯罪的功能。其软件建设是指制定和落实有关规范和措施 ,以保证上述硬件设施充分发挥功效。

The idea and practice of“prevention room”,also called“environment prevention”,is one of the major contents of crime prevention in modern cities.It means to reduce and prevent crimes by changing and protecting the environment.According to the theory,“prevention room”should be created in the process of city design,building design,reconstruction of old city and community design to reduce the conditions,which breed up crimes.The idea of“environment prevention”should be set up through software and hardware design.The hardware design means taking account of crime prevention in the city planning,design and construction.The buildings and residencies can be used to prevent and control crime.The software design refers to making and carrying out related regulations and measures to guarantee the hardware bring into full play.