傣族原始宗教研究的新视点──金沙江河谷傣族的稻作与祭祀

New perspective of the research of the primitive religion of the Dai people

金沙江河谷自秦、汉以来就有傣族居住。傣族是一个具有悠久的稻作生产的民族，其稻作生产有较高的水平，围绕着稻作生产产生了一系列的宗教祭祀活动，主要有祭龙神、祭水神、祭仓龙、祭山神、赶火神、撒秧日祭谷神、开秧门祭谷神、关秧门祭谷神、收割祭谷神、尝新节、叫谷魂，火把节、牛王会、窝巴节等，这些祭祀活动都与水稻生产密切相关。金沙江河谷的傣族从表面上看已经散失了一些傣族的外显特征，但我们透过表面现象可以窥探出他们的文化活动都是围绕稻作生产展开的，一系列的稻作生产中的祭祀活动保留了许多傣族的原始文化。特别是对水神、山神、龙神、谷神和鱼神的崇拜，充分体现了傣族农耕文化的精神内核，并形成了金沙江河谷傣族独特的稻作文化。

The Dai people ,inhabiting the Jinsha River valley since the 3rd century B.C.,is a nation of long history of rice culture at a very advanced level and a nation rich in religious sacrificial activities closely related to riceculture,which can also be traced in a lot of local festivals.Although the Dai people living along the Jinsha River have lost some of their outer national characteristics, most of their original culture is preserved and can be seen beneath the surface of their rice culture around which a series of such sacrificial ceremonies and other cultural activities are organized.Those ceremonies offering sacrifices to the gods of water, mountain,dragon,rice and fish,in particular,fully represent the essence of the rice culture and eventually form the unique rice culture of the Dai people living along the Jinsha River.