机能主义心理学:从芝加哥学派到哥伦比亚学派

Functional psychology: from the Chicago to the Colombia School

本文比较了机能主义心理学内部芝加哥学派和哥伦比亚学派在研究倾向上的差异，认为这种差异使心理学研究从心灵主义迈向客观主义并成为一个连续的过程，而机能主义出于这个连续过程的过渡环节。其中艺加哥学派主要是在与构造主义的斗争中确立了机能主义的基本立场和原则；而哥伦比亚学派把研究的侧重点由理论探讨转向对具体问题的研究，因此在具体研究成果的获得和研究方法的拓展方面贡献显著，为日后行为主义的产生奠定了先前基础。

After comparing the research tendencies o the Chicago and the Colombia schools in functional psychology,this paper proceeds to argue that it is their differences that make the transition from the mentalism a continuous process,of which the functional psychology just happens to be a linkage.The Dchicago school established the basic position and principle of functional psychology in its debate with structural psychology,while the Colombia school puts its emphases on concrete things and has consequently made great achievements in specific studies and expanded research methods,laying a foundation for the future establishment of behavioral psychology.