试论湘西苗族信仰的宗族意识特征

On the Features of Ancestral Consciousness In Which the Miao Nationality Believes In the West or Hunan

苗族信仰的宗族意识大致可以从这样四个方面体现出来：一是以宗族为祭祀单元；二是跨宗族的个人交往不得与本宗族的信仰互相冲突；三是个人的社会生活也必须与宗族信仰合拍；四是个人荣誉感来自于本宗族的宗教信仰并与本宗族信仰相关系。一般说来，不管是在哪一方面，苗族信仰都强调要对得起宗族的祖先，不要冲犯祖先神。我们可以从苗族信仰的宗族意识上看到苗族的图腾祖先崇拜意识的投影。

Ancestlal Consciousness, in which the Miao nationality believes, can be generally embodied by the following aspects: first, patriarchal clan is the object of sacriface; then, the personal association beyond clan can not be collided with the belief of native clan; thirdly, the personal social life must be in harmony with the belief of native clan; at last, the personal sense of honour from the religious belief of native clan is related with the belief of native clan. In general, no matter in which aspect, the belief of the Miao nationality stresses to respect its ancestors, not to offend the gb of ancestors. According to the ancestral consciousness in which the Miao nationality believes, we can notice the projection of the consciousness of totem ancestral worship.