青海四种雏蝗染色体核型的比较分析

Chromosome karyotype analysis of four species of Chorthippus from Qinghai.

采用常规染色体制片方法对雏蝗属的褐色雏蝗Chorthippusbrunneus(Thunb .) ,异色雏蝗C .big uttulus(Linnaeus) ,小翅雏蝗C .fallax(Zub .) ,青藏雏蝗C .qingzangensis(Ying)的染色体核型进行分析 ,结果 :染色体数目均为 2n(♂ ) =1 7=1 6+XO ;常染色体类型为两类 ,中着丝点染色体 (m ,6条 )和端着丝点染色体 (T ,1 0条 ) ;性染色体类型为端着丝点。褐色雏蝗、异色雏蝗和青藏雏蝗的核型公式和染色体的相对长度组成为K( 2n ,♂ ) =1 7=6m +1 1T =6L +6M +4S +XO ,K( 2n ,♀ ) =1 8=6m +1 2T =6L +6M +4S +XX ;小翅雏蝗的为K( 2n,♂ ) =1 7=6m +1 1T =6L +4M +6S +XO ,K( 2n ,♀ ) =1 8=6m +1 2T =6L +4M +6S+XX。褐色雏蝗性染色体中部有次缢痕。染色体臂数 4种均为NF =2 3(♂ ) ,2 4 (♀ )。

The chromosomal karyotypes of 4 species of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. from Qinghai Alpine Meadow were studied with method of conventional cytogenetics. The results indicated that chromosome numbers of the 4 species were same, with 2n(♂)=17=16+XO. Sixteen autosomes were composed of 6 metacentric chromosomes and 10 terminal chromosomes. The X sex\|chromosome was also a terminal chromosome.\;In C.brunneus, C.biguttulus and C.qingzangensis (Ying), the karyotype formula and chromosomal complement of relative length are K(2n,♂)=17=6m+11T=6L+6M+4S+XO,K(2n,♀)=18=6m+2T=6L+6M+4S+XX. In C.fallax, K(2n,♂)=17=6m+11T=6L+4M+6S+XO,K(2n,♀)=18=6m+12T=6L+4M+6S+XX.X sex\|chromosome of C.brunneus had a secondary constriction in median. Number fundamental of all four species were NF=23(♂),24(♀).