西双版纳勐宋轮歇演替区鸟类多样性及食果鸟研究

Study on Bird Diversity and Frugivorous Birds in Fallow Succession Forest Regions of Mengsong,Xishuangbanna

结合退耕还林、生态保护和山区经济持续发展的需要 ,在西双版纳勐宋轮歇休闲自然演替林地、传统保护使用林地和原始自然林地等 3类 8种生境中 ,采用样方法并辅以挂网捕鸟法 ,研究了鸟类的多样性、食果鸟类及其与森林动态的关系。结果表明 :①随着轮歇休闲时间递增和植被层次增加 ,鸟类多样性增加 ,鸟类群落逐渐复杂化 ;②鸟类多样性H、Hmax和J等参数变化情况在干季和雨季类似 ;③食果传播植物种子的鸟类沟通了各林地之间的联系 ,它们的活动对植被的演替和扩展至关重要。讨论分析认为 ,鸟类多样性与生境植被结构相互作用 ,协同发展 ;在退耕还林工作中要重视食果鸟类及其生态功能的作用 ,注意保护原始森林和鸟类物种 ,利用和促进食果鸟类的自然生态功能。

In order to recover from deforestation and find a sustainable way for the economic development in montane area,bird diversity and frugivorous birds were studied in forest succession fields at Mengsong area,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.We identified the forest age for each type of fallow fields with local information.The sampling areas were established (5 ha.for each type) within the different habitats,and the surveys were conducted during the dry season and rainy season.We also observed and recorded species of frugivorous birds,which related seed dispersal in the forest succession fields.Birds were sampled by mist nets;they were ringed and released after getting their excrements.Many species of plant seeds were got from bird excrements.Our study shows that bird diversity increased with the increasing of forest stratification.There are similar varied regular on the value of the Shannon Wiener Indexes ( H , H max and J ) for bird diversity in the dry season and rainy season.Diverse birds and their activity linked with the all fallow fields and the different patterns of forests.Birds sensitively indicated the relationship between biodiversity and forest dynamic.The bird species with certain habitat have a special significance,especially the relationship between the forest dynamic and the frugivorous birds which related seed dispersal.Generally speaking,the study showed that we should pay more attention to the ecological principle of frugivorous birds and forest succession,and it was crucial to protect primary tropical forest and the birds in it.