核酸杂交技术在微生物生态学上的应用

Use of Nucleic Acid Hybridization in Microbial Ecology

由于自然界中大部分的微生物种类到目前为止仍不可培养 ,传统基于培养和纯种分离的技术在研究微生物生态时面临很大障碍。分子生物学的进展为诸多长期困扰微生物学研究的问题提供了解决办法。核酸杂交技术已被证实在微生物系统分类和微生物生态等领域的研究具有巨大潜力并已被广泛应用。综述核酸杂交技术的基本原理、实际应用及其主要优点和局限性 ,以及提高其检测灵敏度和特异性的方法 ,并对该技术的应用前景作了探讨。

Due to the fact that most of the microbial species in nature can not be cultured, the traditional techniques base on cultivation and pure-culture isolation had become the major limitation to the study of microbial ecology. Advances in molecular biology provide resolutions to the questions that had hindered the microbiological study for a long time. Nucleic acid hybridization has great potentialities and has been widely applied in the field of systematic taxonomy and ecology of microbiology. Here we reviewed the basic principles of nucleic acid hybridization and its wide application, major advantages and limitations , and how to improve its detecting sensitivity and specificity. The applicative prospect of this technique was also discussed.