摘要
中国农业发展已基本越过温饱要求,经济效益已成为普遍追求的首要目标。然而,中国农业现实要求认真对待供需平衡及生态平衡,这是首要的国家目标之一。在生态系统水平上对农业进行设计和组装的生态学研究,以及在品种选择与种养技术方面进行优化的农学研究的结合,可建立起农业持续发展模式,能促进农业三大效益统一。当前农业持续发展模式研究可识别出的重点有:(1)小流域的农业持续模式;(2)克服环境制约因子的农业持续发展模式和(3)绿色食品原料生产基地农业模式。这类研究的技术路线中应注意资助年限、过程变化、农民实践、多模式的比较、设计实用简单模式,注意模式非流特点、配套措施和失败模式总结等。
Chinese agriculture is no longer in subsistance stage. Economic benifit is the first goal in most farmer's decision. However, the general situation of Chinese agriculture requires to balance demand and supply, production and environmental protection in their decision. The combination of ecological research on the design of agroecosystem, and agronomy research on the selection of cultivars and cultivation methods can help to coordinate social effect, economic effect and ecological effect of agriculture, and promote its sustainable development. Important opportunities which can be identified for agroecosystem research are: (1) watershed design for sustainable agriculture; (2) agroecosystem design to release environmental stress, and (3) agroecosystem design for 'green food' production. According to some weak points in former agroecosystem research, research strategy such as research duration, changing structure and function, farmer's practices, systems' comparison, non-flow characteristics, technical and management aspects, and lessons from failure, are discussed.
出处
《中国科学基金》
CSCD
1997年第1期38-41,共4页
Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China
