黄土高原水土保持定位研究新进展

PROGRESS OF THE STUDY ON SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN THE LOESS PLATEAU

“七五”以来,黄土高原水土保持研究取得了重大进展。所建立的小流域农业高效生态经济系统,通过系统内外能量强化投入和土地利用结构优化,实现了泥沙流失量大幅度减少,粮食超常速增长和农民收入成倍增加的新局面。这些研究还取得若干重要科学结论:(1)黄士高原粮食生产有可能在短期内实现大幅度超常速增长,实现粮食自给有余。构成当前粮食产量提高的主导因素是养分。首要措施是成倍增加以化肥为主的养分投入。(2)苹果经济林成为黄土高原的新兴产业,表明林草植被建设进入到生态、经济效益同步实现的新阶段。植被建设要严格遵循生态规律性。(3)人类活动对植被大规模的破坏和垦荒是加速现代土壤侵蚀和增加入黄泥沙的主要因素。

Since 'Seventh Five-Year Plan', soil and water conservation of the loess plateau has been listed as a State-sponsored S & T project and important progress has been obtained. The efficient ecological and economic systems established in watersheds increase grain production rapidly, decrease soil loss remarkably and raise peasent imcome dramatically. A number of important scientific conclusions obtained in the position research are reported in this paper. They are: A big increase of grain production with ultra-general speed in short term and possibly more then self-sufficient on the loess plateau, soil nutrient shortage pre-marily limiting grain yield increase at present; vegetation construction of both ecological consideration and economic benefit with the emergent rural industry of apple production; and accelerate modern soil erosion and sediment increase mainly from human activities of vegetation destruction and reclamation.