除草剂使用问题及对策

Current Problems and Strategies in Herbicide Application

在除草剂使用中存在苗前用量偏低或低 ,整地质量差 ,施药过晚 ,土壤干旱 ;苗后施药期天气干旱 ,高温或喷液量过大 ,施药时期偏晚 ,混用不当 ;喷洒器械及喷洒技术落后等影响了药效 ,苗前除草剂应根据土壤有机质及质地确定用药量。采用混土施药法适期施药 ,苗后应因杂草叶龄确定施药时期。混用除草剂选择比例 ,干旱条件下施药时药液中加植物油喷雾助剂 ,选择合适的喷洒器械 。

This paper reviewed current problems and its strategies about herbicide application in common agricultural practice. Insufficient rate,poor tillage quality and application delay are main reasons causing poor weed control efficacy for pre -emergence herbicide; drought weather, high temperature ,too high spray volume,delay application timing and unsuitable tank mixture are for post-emergence.Besides,under-developed application equipment and application technique are also the reasons hampering chemical weed control efficacy. Pre -emergence herbicide rate should be determined according to soil OM content and soil texture,and post-emergence herbicide to weed growth stage. Mix up with soil after pre-emergence herbicide application could improve stability of weed control efficacy.Proper ratio must be carefully determined in tank combination. Adding vegetation oil adjuvant in spray solution could improve efficacy of post-emergence herbicide application under drought condition. Moreover,suitable application equipment selection and equipment calibration and adjustment before application are necessary.