秸秆腐解剂在秸秆还田中的效果研究初报

Effect of straw return to soil by effective microorganisms on rice and wheat growth and their straw decay

在大田、微区和盆栽条件下，研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻生长及产量的影响，同时研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻秸秆腐解速率及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，稻、麦秸秆还田时施用秸秆腐解剂对提高稻、麦产量具有明显的增产效果，增产的原因是穗数和粒数增加；稻、麦秸秆还田量不同时，还田量大且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较还田量小好；麦秸秆还田方式不同时，麦秸以栽稻前耕翻还田且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较好，上水沤制的效果较差；秸秆腐解剂能促进稻、麦秸秆较快腐解，减轻和防止多量秸秆还田给作物生长带来不利影响，并可稳定和提高土壤养分含量。

Effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on the growth and yield of rice and wheat was studied under field, micro-plot and pot experiment conditions, meanwhile effect of EM on the decay rate of rice and wheat straw and on soil fertility were conducted too. Results showed that application of EM to rice and wheat straw can increase both rice and wheat yield due to the increase in panicle and grain number, and the effect was remarkable especially when the large amount of straw was return to soil as compared with no EM. The best method to use EM on Wheat straw was plowing soil which covered with wheat straw before planting rice seedling. Effective microorganisms can promote the rice and wheat straw to decompose rapidly, and make the content of soil nutrients maintain and improve.