长江主要城市江段重金属污染状况及特征

On heavy metal pollution along Yangtze river stretches of urban areas in major cities

长江流域水环境监测中心自 2 0世纪 70年代以来 ,一直从事长江干流沉降物的监测与研究 ,做了大量的工作 ,并于 2 0世纪 90年代完成了对长江干流攀枝花、宜宾、泸州、重庆、涪陵、万县、宜昌、沙市、岳阳、武汉、鄂州、黄石、九江、安庆、铜陵、芜湖、马鞍山、南京、镇江、南通、上海等 2 1个主要城市江段沉降物较全面的监测与研究。通过对长江干流 2 1个主要城市江段沉降物的分析与研究 ,阐明了长江干流沉降物的基本特性 ,其重金属污染物含量水平、分布与赋存状态、迁移与转化特征。研究表明 ,长江干流沉降物中悬浮物含量普遍高于沉积物 ,其近岸水域已受到不同程度污染 ,2 1个沿江主要城市中攀枝花、宜昌、南京、武汉、上海、重庆等 6个城市污染较重。

Since the 1970s, Water Environment Monitoring Center of Yangtze Valley has been carrying out the monitoring and research work on deposit materials in the main stream of Yangtze and finished significant monitoring and research work on the deposit materials in river sections of urban districts for 21 main cities, such as Panzhihua, Chongqing, Wuhan, Shanghai etc. Based on the monitoring and research results, this paper describes the basic characteristics of deposit materials, the content, distribution and existing state, transfer and transformation characteristics of heavy metal pollutants. The results demonstrate that the heavy metal content in suspended load is higher than that in deposited material for main stream of the Yangtze, the alongshore water zone has been polluted in different degree. Among the 21 main cities on the Yangtze, the river water pollution along the six cities, i.e. Panzhihua, Yichang, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shanghai, Chongqing, is more serious.