西方国家福利制度调整的借鉴意义

Adjustments in the Welfare System of Western Countries and their Uses for Reference

西方国家福利制度的创设 ,对人类社会的进步起到了积极的作用。但到了20世纪70～80年代 ,福利制度在财政、就业、社会稳定、思想观念等方面产生了危机。80年代以来 ,西方国家对福利制度采取了一系列的调整措施 :加强福利服务管理 ,使福利急人所需 ;削减福利项目 ;重新制定合理的福利标准 ;严格福利发放的资格条件 ;推行公共福利事业私有化、市场化等。目前 ,第三条道路的福利观是西方福利国家发展的主要趋势。西方国家对福利制度的调整 ,对我国具有十分有益的借鉴意义 :中国的福利制度要有一个严明的法律体系作保证 ;福利制度的建立要符合国情 ;福利制度要实行社会化的运行方式 ;要尽快将福利制度推向市场 ;要使福利制度日益科学 。

The establishment of welfare system in western countries has played an active role in enhancing social progress. However, in the 70s-80s of this century, the welfare system approached crises in such aspects as financing, employment, social stability, ideological mode of thought, etc. Since 1980s, a number of adjustments have been made in the welfare system, including strengthening service management, reducing welfare items, re-establishing reasonable welfare standards, rigorously enforcing the requirements of the grantees; introducing the privatization and marketization of the public welfare, etc. Presently, the welfare outlook of the Third Approach is a major tendency of the welfare system in the West. The adjustments made on the welfare system provide us with many insights: 1) a tight legal system to be established for the operation of the Chinese welfare system, which should correspond to the national conditions in China; 2) a socialized mode of operation to be practiced; and 3) market-orientation that is expected of the system.