朱熹的读《诗》方法论

On Zhu Xis Approaches to Reading the Book of Songs

朱熹《诗经》的研究成就之所以超越前人 ,在于他有一套与汉唐学者用经学方法解读《诗经》不同的文学读诗法。他认为读《诗》应从吟咏性情入门 ,注意《诗》的体裁和表现手法。他将读《诗》的过程分为虚心熟读本文 ;择各家注解 ,晓名物训诂 ;体身玩味 ,推类义理三个阶段 ,从求诗人本意入手 ,最终推求出圣人垂教之意的理学结论。这种从文学出发的读《诗》方法 ,最后仍挣脱不了理学的桎梏。这是由他“格物穷理”

Zhu Xi has made greater achievements in his study of the Book of Songs than his predecessors because of the difference in their approaches to reading and interpreting it. Zhu Xi took a literary approach, claiming that the Book of Songs should be deciphered by first reciting its temperament and attention then should be given to the styles and techniques in presentation, while the scholars in the Han and Tang Dynasties referred to a Confucian approach. He breaks up the interpreting of the Book into three stages --- carefully read the Book once and again; understand the names and description of things and exegesis in texts with reference to all the notes available; deduce and reason through appreciation. In other words, the aim for reading the Book of Songs is to work out the rationalist structure intended by the poet based on the correct understanding of its original ideas. This literary approach to reading the Book of Songs is inevitably confined within the bond of rationality, for which his goal of making an exhaustive inquiry of ration of everything should be responsible.