正义究竟是什么:公平、权利还是美德?

Whatever Can Justice Be : Equity 、Right or Virtue ?

正义究竟是什么 ?罗尔斯认为正义就是公平 ,他用两个正义原则即平等原则和差异原则来保障 ;诺齐克认为正义应该是个人权利的自由保障问题 ,他提出了包含有持有正义三原则的权利理论来反对罗尔斯的差别原则及其分配正义原则 ;麦金太尔反对把社会公平与个人权利作为伦理学的主题 ,主张回到亚里士多德的美德伦理 ,向传统美德伦理寻找答案。三人的见解各有千秋 ,理想的正义论应该是三人的合题 ,即公平与权利、规范伦理与美德伦理的内在统一。

Whatever can justice be ? On the bases of two justice principles , namely , that of equity and that of difference , Rawls holds justice is equity ; Nozick advances the right theory , which contains three principles of justice in holding , to oppose Rawls's difference principle and distribution justice principle and considers justice is the free guarantee of personal rights ; Maclntyre opposes to take social equity and personal rights as ethics themes, he thinks the answer to the question should be in Aristotle's virtue ethics.Each of them has his strong points , but ideal justice theory should be the combination of the viewpoints , namely , the internal integration of equity , rights, normal ethics and virtue ethics.