文明演进中环境问题的生态人类学透视

Ecological anthropology perspectives on environment issues in the periods of civilization evolution

在人类发展的历史长河中 ,环境问题一直伴随着文明的演进而存在。不同的文明时期 ,其环境问题的表现有所不同。从生态人类学的角度来看 ,人类与环境之间的关系是一种互动的关系。一方面 ,人类依赖于生态系统而生存和发展 ;另一方面 ,人类在自身文明的发展中又影响甚至损害着生态系统。在这种人与环境的作用中 ,人类的经济活动引发了许多环境问题 ,而经济活动又是由人类的文化和社会所塑造和规范的 ,所以对环境问题的分析应从社会科学和自然科学多学科角度来加以探讨。“可持续发展”就是人类应用文化的调适作用 。

Environment issues have been existed with the progress of the human civilization evolution. There were different environment issues in different periods of the civilization evolution. From the view of the ecological anthropology, the relationships between human and environment are the relations of interaction. On the one hand human lives and develops relaying on ecological system, on the other hand human influences , even damages it. Human activities , especially economic activities produce a lot of environment issues. However, human economic activities are determined by human culture and society. So environment issues should be researched from the views of social and natural sciences. “Sustained development” is a view of ecological civilization that human developed by using the effect of cultural adaptability on the principles of ecology.