乳腺癌细胞核的形态定量分析

Nuclear Morphometrical Analysis of Breast Cancer

目的 测定乳腺癌及乳腺不典型增生细胞核面积 ,周长 ,直径 ,圆度 ,长短轴比五项参数的变化及其在乳腺癌及癌前病变诊断中的意义。方法 按照乳腺癌及乳腺不典型增生的不同分级进行分组 ,应用计算机辅助图像分析技术测定实验组及对照组中细胞核的上述五项参数 ,统计分析各组间的差异。结果 实验表明 ,不典型增生及乳腺癌各组的细胞核面积 ,周长 ,直径 ,圆度四项参数均大于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,长短轴比无显著性差异。实验组中不典型增生Ⅰ、Ⅱ级间 ,核面积、周长和直径三项参数均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。乳腺癌三个分级间 ,其细胞核周长和直径在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级间 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级间均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。核面积及圆度在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级间均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 细胞核面积、周长、直径及圆度在乳腺癌及乳腺不典型增生时都明显增大。这四项参数对乳腺癌及乳腺不典型增生的诊断有一定的参考价值 ,不典型增生Ⅲ级是真正的癌前病变 ,与乳腺癌的发生有密切关系。

Objective The purpose of the present study was to detect the nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, ratio of the longest axis to the shortest axis, and roundness of breast cancer and breast atypical hyperplasia to understand the significance of these perimeter in the diagnosis of breast cancer and breast precancerous lesion. Methods Tissue samples were classified as difference test groups on the bases of pathological grading of breast cancer and atypical hyperplasia. Nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, roundness and the ratio of the longest axis to the shortest axis were detected using computer assisted image analysis technique and all the parameters were statistically compared to analysis the significance of difference between different groups. Results It has been found that the nuclear area, perimeter, diameter and roundness in different groups of breast cancer and breast atypical hyperplasia are all significantly higher than those in normal control ( P <0.05). But there is no statistically significant difference between any test group and the control. In terms of atypical hyperplasia, there is significant difference between grade Ⅰand Ⅱ in the nuclear area, perimeter and diameter. As to breast cancer, significant difference in nuclear perimeter and diameter between grade Ⅰand Ⅱas well as grade Ⅱand Ⅲ. There is also significant difference between grade Ⅱand Ⅲ in the nuclear area and roundness. Conclusion The nuclear area, perimeter, diameter and roundness of breast cancer and breast atypical hyperplasia are significantly higher than those in normal control, which contributes to the diagnosis of breast cancer and atypical hyperplasia to a certain extent. Atypical hyperplasia grade Ⅲ can be looked upon as a real precancerous lesion that is closely involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. [