梨状孔区解剖数据测量及其临床意义

Measurement of anatomical parameters of pyriform aperturearea and its clinical significance

目的 :获得有关梨状孔的各项解剖学数据并探讨其临床意义。方法 :分别测量颅骨和 X线卡氏位片梨状孔的横径、纵径、底边与两侧边所成弧形的半径和角度 ,并按椭圆形和三角形进行分型 ,同时还测量成人前鼻孔至鼻内孔的距离。结果 :颅骨梨状孔横径为 (2 5 .7± 2 .9) mm,纵径为 (30 .1± 2 .6) mm,其中椭圆形 4 5 / 62例 ,三角形 17/ 62例 ,卡氏位片梨状孔横径为 (2 8.5± 2 .3) mm,纵径为 (33.3±3.2 ) mm,其中椭圆形 2 8/ 4 0例 ,三角形 12 / 4 0例 ,两侧边和底边所形成弧形的半径为 (17.3± 3.6) mm,角度为 (36.5± 16.6)°。前鼻孔至鼻内孔距离为左侧 (1.4 0± 0 .2 2 ) cm,右侧 (1.35± 0 .2 2 ) cm。结论 :梨状孔的大小及形态受多方面因素的影响 ,其在鼻源性鼾症和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)的发生上起着比较重要的作用 。

Objective:To get anatomical parameters of pyriform aperture area and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods:Pyriform apertures of skull bones and X-ray planes of Caldwell′s position were measured for transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,the radius and radian of the arc formed on the basal brim and larteral brim.All the pyriform apertures were divided into two types:elliptical type and triangular type.Additionally,the distances from the anterior nostril to the inner nostril were measured.Results:Pyriform aperture parameters of the skull bones are as follows:the mean transverse diameter (25.7±2.0)mm,the mean longitudinal diameter (30.1±2.6)mm, (the elliptical type 45/62 cases and the triangular type 17/62 cases); as for X-ray planes of Caldwell′s position,the mean transverse diameter (28.5±2.3)mm,the mean longitudinal diameter (33.3±3.2)mm, (the elliptical type 28/40 cases and the triangular type 12/40 cases).Except the parameters above,the mean radius and radian of the arc formed on the basal brim and lateral brim are (17.3±3.6)mm and (36.5±16.6)° respectively. The mean distances from the anterior nostril to the inner nostril are the left (1.40± 0.22)mm and the right (1.35±0.22)cm.Conclusion:The size and appearance of the pyriform aperture are influenced by multiple factors and pyriform aperture plays and important role in the etiology of rhinogeic snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Otherwise,taking X-ray plane of Caldwell′s position is an obsjective and effective indirect method which can provide parameters of pyriform aperture.