幽闭语境中的知青文学——新中国知青文学史纲·序论

Introduction to History of School Graduates Literature in New China

毛泽东是一个博学且富有革新精神的乡村文化人 ,他改造中国的乌托邦蓝图中 ,其社会理想之一 ,就是把知识分子变成“新农民”。中国知青运动 ,就是他这种革命思想的极端体现。他的时代 ,是一个幽闭的时代 ,这个时代的文学语境 ,呈现了一种大宅院的后花园状态 ,这个花园是建立在文化废墟传统废墟之上的。毛泽东时代的终结 ,也就意味着一个新的文学时代的开端。新中国的知青文学始终没有走出毛泽东时代的精神荫庇 ,前知青时期、知青时期以及后知青时期的文学 ,都不同程度地浸淫于毛泽东思想和主义之中。毛泽东既然影响了一个时代 ,自然也就深刻地不可改变地影响了一个时代的作家 ,包括一个时代的文学 。

Mao Ze_dong is a rural intellectual of erudition and innovative spirit.Of his utopian schemes to reform China,one of his ideals is to transform intellectuals into'new peasants',which has been eviden in the campaign of sending school graduates to the countryside.As Mao's era is a circumscribed one,its literary context has assumed a state of the rear garden built upon the ruins of culture and tradition,and the end of Mao's era has foreshadowed the start of a new literature era.Nevertheless,the school graduates in literature New China has always been under the ideological impact of Mao's era,because the literatare of the pre_campaign,in_campaign and post_canpaign has,to varying degrees,affected by Mao Ze_dong's thought and Maoism.In a word,Mao Ze_dong has exerted a profund influence on writers of his era,including its literature in terms of structure and content.