“九五”水利科学技术重大进展综述

General Introduction of Major Achievements on Water Resources Science and Technology in the Ninth Five-year Plan

“九五”期间水利科学技术取得的重大进展主要有10个方面:西北地区水资源和全国水供求计划研究,使 我国水资源开发利用和生态系统研究的整体水平迈上新台阶;水文内循环研究开拓了联系水圈和大气 圈研究新领域,无人水文站测报技术和水文计算研究成果显著;黄河、长江部分河段和重点工程泥沙研 究取得重大进展,河口海岸泥沙研究为国家重大工程决策提供了重要的科学依据;长江防洪决策支持系 统和洪涝旱灾测评估业务系统研制成功,为防洪减灾决策科学化奠定了基础;调亏灌溉技术、引黄高含 沙水滴灌成套技术及喷微灌关键设备研制成功,我国现代农业用水的理论框架及技术体系初步形成;水 土保持基础理论研究、技术推广应用成效显著,全国土壤侵蚀本底数据库的建立是水土保持监测领域的 重要里程碑;六大江河和若干湖泊的治污研究全面展开,为水资源保持、水污染防治提供了科学依据;高 拱坝、碾压混凝土坝、面板坝若干关键技术研究获得突破,筑坝水平居于世界前列;三峡、小浪底等重点 工程建设取得多项重要技术突破;新型垂直防渗技术,提高了堤防工程的机械化施工水平和新技术含 量,保证了堤防防渗效果和安全。

There are ten major achievements made on water resources science and technology in the Ninth Five-year Plan Period. The studies include water resources study in northwest China and national plan of water demand and supply that has upgraded the overall level of study on water resources development and utilization as well as study on ecological system. The study on inter hydrological cycle creates a new study field in connecting atmosphere with hydrosphere, and a remarkable study result has gain in predicting and reporting technologies of unmanned hydrological stations and hydrological calculation. The studies on sedimentation in part of the river courses of the Yellow River and the Yangze River and some other engineering have reached a good result and study on sedimentation of ocean outfall and seabed has established an important scientific base for decision making of major national projects. The successful application of decision support system for flood control of the Yangze River and monitoring and assessment operating system of floods and droughts has built up a base for scientific decision making of flood control and disaster release. Deficit irrigation, drip irrigation and sprinkler equipment by using water with high content of sand have been successfully applied and a theoretical framework and technical system of modern agricultural water use has preliminary formed. Basic theoretical study and technical extension and application for water and soil conservation has resulted in a good effect and establishment of database of soil erosion in the whole country creates a milestone in the field of monitoring and evaluation of water and soil conservation. A widely spreading of study on pollution control in six big rivers and some lakes provides a scientific base for water resource prevention and pollution control. Breakthroughs of some key techniques for high arch dams, roller compacted concrete dams and plate dams have labelled our dam construction techniques a high standard in the World. Several technical problems were being solved in Three Gorges Project and Xiaolangdi Project. New types of vertical seepage protection techniques have helped to improve mechanical construction level of dyke and increase the technical contents of new technology, and ensure the effects of seepage prevention and safety of dykes.