中国哲学中的知识论(下)

Theory of knowledge in Chinese philosophy

道家知识论以周易哲学为基础，是本体知识论的一种模式，强调在事物对立面的相关性与变化中认知以及运用“道”。在庄子那里，对“道”的认识同时就是参与“道”的创造性转化，这种知识论不仅是本体宇宙论的，而且是本体实践论的。后期墨家提出了认识的模式与程序，已接近了现代科学方法论的知识论意义上对实在的理解。而公孙龙子唯名论则显然是逻辑与分析性的。新儒家朱熹和王阳明的冲突乃是强调知识的客性方面（理）与主观性方面（心）意义的冲突，与西方二元论不同的是，他们的冲突是在追寻知识主客观统一的努力中展开的。

The Theory of Knowledge advocated by Taoists takes the Philosophy of Zhouyi as its foundation. It is a model of theory of epistemology, which emphasizes the application of the Taoism in the cognition of opposite items involving relativity and transformation. In Zhuangzi's system, the understanding of Taoism is the partici- pation in creative transformation. Such theory of epistemology is not only onto-cosmological but also onto- practical. Neo-Moists proposed models and procedures of epistemology, which is quite similar to modern methodology in terms of the comprehension of reality, while the Nominalism held by Gongsun Longzi is logical and analytical. The conflict between Zhu Xi the Neo-Confucian and Wang Yangming is one of the emphasis on reality and mentality. Unlike Western dualism, their conflict unveils itself in the efforts to seek for the union be- tween reality and mentality of epistemology.