高山草原条件下一年生豆科牧草生产性能的评价

Herbage and seed yields of Vica and Lathyrus species under alpine grassland conditions

1998年对自国际干旱农业研究中心 (ICARDA)引进的野豌豆属 (Viciaspp .)和山黧豆属(Lathyrusspp .)的 5个种 50个品系在高山草原条件下的牧草和种子产量表现作了评价 ,1999年对其中能够完成生育期的春箭舌豌豆 9个品系、法国野豌豆 4个品系、鹰嘴山黧豆 2个品系和栽培山黧豆 1个品系做了进一步的测定。这 16个品系 1998年和 1999年的平均产草量分别是春箭舌豌豆 6 50 9.5和 5489.1kg/hm2 ,法国野豌豆 3398.0和 2 786 .7kg/hm2 ,鹰嘴山黧豆 76 10 .3和 476 1.9kg/hm2 ,栽培山黧豆 580 4 .7和 3858.2kg/hm2 ;种子产量分别是春箭舌豌豆 50 9.7和 10 10 .0kg/hm2 ,法国野豌豆 536 .0和 10 73.6kg/hm2 ,鹰嘴山黧豆 152 .2和 732 .7kg/hm2 ,栽培山黧豆 16 .5和 12 .8kg/hm2 。长柔毛野豌豆的所有 10个品系、栽培山黧豆的 9个品系和鹰嘴山黧豆的 8个品系在当地不能完成生育期。根据两年的试验结果 ,从牧草和种子产量两方面综合评价 ,春箭舌豌豆更适合在高山草原种植。春箭舌豌豆 2 556、2 56 0和 2 56 6等品系地上部分生物量与对照品种 333/A狭叶野豌豆相当 ,但种子产量比对照种高 19.6 %～ 77.4 % ,表现出较高的生产性能和适应性 ,值得进一步选育。春箭舌豌豆品系的牧草与种子产量呈负相关关系 ,在品种选育过?

Five annual forage legume species, 10 lines of each, were evaluated for their productivity under alpine grassland conditions in 1998. The species tested included common vetch (Vicia sativa), wolly pod vetch (V.villosa), narbon vetch (V.narbonensis), common chickling (Lathyrus sativus) and dwarf chickling (L.cicera). All of them were introduced from ICARDA. Sixteen of 50 lines tested produced mature seeds in 1998 and were evaluated further in 1999, they were 9 common vetch lines, 4 narbon vetch lines, 2 dwarf chickling lines and 1 common chickling line. The mean herbage dry matter yields in 1998 and 1999 were 6 509.5 and 5 489.1 kg/ha for common vetch, 3 398.0 and 2 786.7 kg/ha for narbon vetch, 7 610.3 and 4 761.9 kg/ha for dwarf chickling, and 5 804.7 and 3 858.2 kg/ha for common chickling, respectively. Whereas the mean seed yields in both year were 509.7 and 1 010.0 kg/ha for common vetch, 536.0 and 1 073.6 kg/ha for narbon vetch, 152.2 and 732.7 kg/ha for dwarf chickling, 16.5 and 12.8 kg/ha for common chickling, respectively. All of 10 tested wolly pod vetch lines, 8 dwarf chickling lines and 9 common chickling lines did not produce mature seeds. Based on both herbage and seed productivity of each lines in two consecutive years, common vetch was identified as a most promising species for hay making under alpine grassland conditions. Among common vetch lines tested lines 2556,2560 and 2566 showed both higher herbage and seed yields. The seed yields of these 3 lines , for instance, were 19.6%～77.4% higher than the control variety V.sativa cv 333/A, which will be evaluated and selected further. Herbage and seed yields of common vetch lines were negatively correlated, their priority in breeding programs should be adjusted based on breeding objectives. Some aspects of annual forage legumes breeding and extension were discussed.