贵州省铜仁地区花生平衡施肥试验研究

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Peanut in Tongren of Guizhou province

贵州省铜仁地区的花生平衡施肥试验证明 ,花生的合理施肥有极显著的增产增收效益。其中施氮 ( N) 2 8kg/ hm2 可增产花生 4 0 .7%～ 4 2 .3% ,施磷 ( P2 O5) 12 0 kg/ hm2 可增产花生34 .7%～ 61.5% ,施钾 ( K2 O) 75kg/ hm2可增产花生 2 3.0 %～ 2 3.2 %。施微肥 (硼、锌、钼、铜、铁 )可增产花生 7.0 7%～ 15.2 %。平均每投入一元氮磷钾微肥可分别增收 2 8.6～ 2 9.6,15.6～2 2 .3,9.1～ 9.5,3.8～ 7.4元。建议花生的 N∶ P2 O5∶K2 O配比为 10 0∶ 4 30∶ 2 60并添加微肥适量。平衡施肥在贵州的增产潜力很大 。

Balanced fertilization had very significant effect on increasing peanut yield and income. BCR with micronutrients was 8.9~9.1 or 10.9~14.3 without micronutrients' application, comparing with farmers' practice. NPK fertilizers have very good response by peanut. For N fertilization 0.85~0.9 t/hm 2 or 40.7~42.3 % of yield increased with BCR of 28.0~29.6. For P fertilization 0.78~1.12 t/hm 2 or 34.7~61.5 % of yield increased with BCR of 15.6~22.3. For K fertilization 0.55~0.57 t/hm 2 or 23.0~23.2 % of yield increased with BCR of 9.1~9.5. Micronutrient fertilizer also has good yield and income increasing. 0.2~0.39 t/hm 2 or 7.07%~ 15.29 % of yields increasing obtained. Its BCR was 3.8~7.4. Peanut belongs to leguminous plant but the N fertilization is still important if soil fertility is low especially in early stage of seedling. The rate of N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O is 1∶4.3∶2.6 in the experiments.