1[1][2,5,6,]Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act. NewYorkVintage Books, 1972, p. 103、106、177、24 ～ 25.
2[4]Jonathan Baumbach, "Nightmare of a Native Son: Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison," in his The Landscape of Nightmare:Studies in the Contemporary American Novel. New York University Press, 1965, p.85.
3[7]Mark Busby, Ralph Ellison. Boston: Twagne Publishers,1991, p.41.
