苏州市城乡老年人听力调查分析

Audiological findings of the aging across the urban and rural of Suzhou

目的 :从流行病学角度了解苏州市老年人听力状况。方法 :用随机抽样法对苏州市区部分居委会和郊区部分乡村 6 0岁以上老年人进行问卷调查 ,测血压、血糖 ,行耳部及纯音听阈检查。结果 :共调查 10 40人 ,城市 5 0 5人 ,农村 5 35人 ,男 473人 ,女 5 6 7人。听力情况 :城市 :疾病聋 33人 (6 .5 3% ) ,老年性聋 2 82人 (5 5 .84% ) ,噪声聋 2 1人 (4 .16 % ) ;农村 :疾病聋 35人 (6 .5 4% ) ,老年性聋 2 32人 (4 3.36 % ) ,噪声聋 4人 (0 .75 % )。两地区老年性聋发生率城市高于农村 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。各年龄组平均听阈测值显示老年人听阈随年龄增加而提高 ,且高频听力下降更明显。结论 :老年人听力减退主要原因为老年性聋。城市中全身老年性疾病发病率高于农村 ,可能是导致非边远地区城市老年性聋发生率高于农村的主要原因。积极防治某些老年性疾病如高血压、动脉硬化、糖尿病等将有助于延缓。

Objective:To determine the epidemiological characteristics of old people′s hearing.Method:Questionnaires, physical examination, audiomety and bio chemical tests were performed on the elders above 60 years old in part of the urban and rural area of Suzhou with random sample survey.Result:A total of 1 040 individuals was investigated, among which 505 were from urban, and 535 were from rural. 33 of 505 senior citizen ( 6.53 %) were nososacusis, 282 ( 55.84 %) were presbycusis and 21 ( 4.16 %) were noise induced deafness; In the rural area, 35 of 535 ( 6.54 %) were nososacusis, 232 ( 43.36 %) were presbycusis, and 4 ( 0.75 %) were noise deafness.There was significant difference of the incidence of presbycusis between urban and rural.The audiometric thresholds chart manifested that the threshold elevated with age increasing especially in high frenquency.Conclusion:The etiology of hearing loss of elders was mainly due to presbycusis.The higher incidence of psychotic disorder in urban probably caused a correspondingly higher incidence of presbycusis.So the prevention and cure of some age induced diseased (e.g.hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diabetes) may be helpful to release and improve presbycusis.