歇后语的结构及其规范化

The Structure of Two-part Allegorical Sayings and Their Standardization

歇后语有外在表层结构和内在深层结构。其内在深层结构才是歇后语安身立命之点。构成歇后语内在深层结构的前后两部分是矛盾统一体。两者有“同”有“异”。“同”与“异”科学地结合于一体，才构成规范化的歇后语。无“异”不能使歇后语既形象、生动、风趣又表达一定的意义；无“同”则不能使其前后两部分合乎逻辑和谐地统一起来。有无“同”是鉴别是否是规范化歇后语的试金石。不合深层构造规律的歇后语是不规范的歇后语，应该淘汰。

A two-part allegorical saying consists of surface structure and deep structure. It is the deep structure that keeps the two-part allegorical saying vital. The two parts in the deep structure constitutes the contradictory unity. That is, they have the similarity and difference, which are united scientifically with each other to form the standardized two-part allegorical saying. Without the difference, the vividness, the liveliness and the humor of a two-part allegorical saying vanish, and its meaning is indefinite; without the similarity, the two parts won't be logical or united harmoniously with each other. The similarity is the touchstone for the standardization of a two-part allegorical saying. The two-part allegorical saying falling short of the deep structure law is non-standard and should be eliminated.