摘要
1985～1992年,印度奥里萨邦营造了10万hm^2的乡村人工林,这是一项旨在解决农村贫困人口生活及减轻对天然林压力的援助工程。本文目的在于研究这项工程的经济收益和环境效应。为此,我们收集了大量的资料,既包括农户所使用的不同来源的生物量资料,也包括用于建立植被现状及相对于用户的空间分布关系的遥感信息资料。研究表明,由于增加了农村贫困人口生物物质的消耗量,减少了他们从天然林中收获的薪柴,从而减少了对于天然林的压力,人工林对于该地区人们生存条件的改善具有重要意义,特别是对于妇女,更具有特殊的作用。但是,为了使该项目得以成功地进行下去,还需要实施重要的管理措施,特别是应当注意对造林区的确定(考虑到与天然林的关系)。
In Orissa 100 thousand ha of village plantations were established from 19 as an aid project to support the subsistence needs of rural poor and to reliev pressure on the natural forests. The aim of this paper is to examine the wslt and environmental effects of these village plantations. To do this, extensive data collection was needed which included both household utilization of different sources of biomass as well as remote-sensing information, to establish the status of the vegetation and it's spatial location vis-a-vis the users. The study shows that plantations have the potential for substantial welfare improvements for the target population, especially women, through increased consumption of biomass, decreased time for collection and decreased pressure on natural forests. However, interventions need to be very selective in order to be successful, with special consideration given to plantation location compared to natural forest.
